The specifications for transporting bulk loads are what define Bulk Carriers. These vessels are classified as bulk carriers due to the method of loading grains by pouring them into the hold. In November 1997, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) added a new Chapter XII to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974, focusing on the safety and structural requirements of bulk carriers measuring 150 meters or more to prevent them from sinking in the event of water ingress. The IMO also approved updated guidelines for conducting thorough surveys of bulk carriers and a set of guidelines for safer loading and unloading operations.
- Stronger new ships: Increase the strength of bulkheads and the double bottom to withstand hold-flooded conditions.
- Improving cargo handling practices: Conveyor belts (several kilometers long) often overload ships. Huge grabs (up to 36 tons), bulldozers, and hydraulic hammers used for unloading can cause structural damage.
- Existing ships: The bulkhead between holds 1 and 2 and the double bottom of hold 1 must be strengthened to withstand flooding in hold 1 unless loading restrictions are imposed
- Restrictions on carriage of cargoes: Existing bulk carriers that comply with the new structural requirements but require loading restrictions must display a solid equilateral triangle on the hull at midships below the deck line.
- Loading instrument: Equipment should be installed to monitor the stresses during loading and unloading operations.
- Enhanced surveys: Implementing an improved inspection program to identify possible structural weaknesses and areas of corrosion.
Source: bulkcarrierguide.com
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